Entrepreneurship Is The Essence Of Capitalism - 3106 Words

An entrepreneurship is the essence of capitalism, some people hate capitalism because of what it stands for and the effects it can cause to environment or the culture .But deep down inside, most want to be independent from working a job. Entrepreneurship is freedom to believe an create wealth, to be able to act on something, seeing as an opportunity , filling a need , while making money in the process .Problems are opportunities for the Entrepreneur .There are characteristics for entrepreneurs such as risk taker , freedom , independent ,leadership , organize , visionary and compulsive. Background For the report the author was also required to demonstrate an ability to undertake critical analysis and take each topic area and report†¦show more content†¦Literature Review Evaluating and critically analysis the interviews transcript Entrepreneur A and Entrepreneur C have different business and also poses different characteristics .Looking at the Entrepreneur A’s transcript the entrepreneur has a business on E-Bay and also has a business partner .In the interview Entrepreneur A explained that he had an opportunity to start an online business and there was a potential market for personalised gifts and did his research and found out that there was quite a small low cost to start the business but the good venture, as a small start-up business it seemed to be to set up and selling small custom made badges . The entrepreneur and his partner managed to find a supplies for their business so they can start. He was so innovative that he had to create some designs to set up their small business on e-bay, this shows that he had entrepreneurial characteristics. Their business started to grow and it managed to branch out into generating different product s for the business such as customised t-shirts and hoodies, tote bags, and even customised key rings, he explained that these new products proved to be good for the their market and their niche market was for events such as birthdays and anniversaries and was good because they were innovative (Delmaret al 2003.). Entrepreneurship In order to be a successful entrepreneur an individual needs characteristics such as: self-confident, risk-taker, innovative,

Phisicology Free Essays

Evidence-Based Strategies Name: Institution: Date: Finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence is an article that talks about a woman who was a police officer. Her husband used to abuse her physically and psychologically and one day she shot the husband as he was trying to beat her (Finding a New Life, 2014). For two sisters, A family bond tightens in bullet’s wake is an article that talks about a fourteen year old Aka Leigh Harriet who is paralyzed from the chest downwards after being shot when she was three years. We will write a custom essay sample on Phisicology or any similar topic only for you Order Now Her elder sister Ajax David does blamer herself as the cause of the little sister being paralyzed as a result of being shot. She gives many reasons as to why she blames herself for her sister being shot (For Two Sisters, 2014). Describe the major adjustment issues discussed in each story. According to the article on Finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence does display major adjustment issues. These issues include physical abuse and psychological abuse by her late husband whom the wife killed. The husband used to beat her and this resulted into psychological abuse for the wife which caused used the wife to feel pain as a result of being mistreated. This caused the wife to shoot the husband so that she could be free from the depression. According to an article for two sisters, a family bond tightens in bullet’s wake, there are adjustment issues like the older sister Ajax David blaming herself for being responsible for a little sisters who was shot and became paralyzed. This is because Ajax thinks she did not take good care of her sister and she was not careful enough and that’s why she was shot. Examine at least three (3) evidence-based strategies from the selected articles that could help the individuals enhance their adjustment skills. One evidence-based strategy is cognitive behavioral therapy. This therapy is normally of two types which are cognitive therapy and behavioral therapy. Cognitive therapy does focus on a person’s opinions and attitude and the way they control a person’s mood and behaviors. Behavioral therapy focuses on a person’s behavior and intends to modify unhealthy behavior patterns. Cognitive behavioral therapy is important because it helps people to solve heir present problems and come up with various ways of solving the issues. Another strategy is the dialectical behavior therapy is used to treat people who have borderline personality disorder which is involved in suicidal thinking and behavior. This therapy helps to teach people new skills to help them deal with their situations in the right way. There will be a change in the way people behave so that there will be few incidences of people suffering from psychological problems. People will be able to control their characters and attitudes in the right way in order to avoid sisters situations. Interpersonal therapy is another strategy that helps in improving communication behavior and the way people communicate with others to help relieve depression. This therapy assists people to interact with other people in the right way and direct a person to change their attitude. This will bring better communication among various families that face the problem of miscommunication with their family members hence families will live free from distress. There will be low incidences of psychological issues happening in families. Recommend the evidence-based strategy that is best suited for the people in the selected articles. Provide a rationale for your response The best evidence-based strategy for people in the above articles is the interpersonal therapy which assists to improve communication between family members and other members. This means that in the article finding a new life after an abusive marriage and prison sentence, communication was the best way in which the problems could have been solved better. If there was better communication between the spouses, then there could be no physical abuse and psychological abuse since they could have solved their robbers. This could not have caused the wife to shoot the husband (Cornier, Nurses, Osborn, 2009). Better communication skills between the spouses could have helped to minimize the anger of the husband so that he could not continue to beat the wife without any reason. This could help the wife to minimize her distress which lead her to kill the husband because of the pain she felt living a life full of distress. For two sisters, A family bond tightens in bullet’s wake article communication is the only way that could have helped Ajax David to have no depression as a result of not having to blame herself. This is because she thinks she was responsible for her little sister being shot hence her being paralyzed. If only Ajax David had talked with the little sister after her being shot she could not have felt being responsible of what happened to her sister. How to cite Phisicology, Papers

Moving in High School free essay sample

Still, the thought of moving and starting over at a new school sent chills down my spine. And to my surprise, thats exactly what happened. My mom had been laid off for over a year and had finally found a Job in a town about 45 minutes away from our home. It all happened so fast. I was about to become a senior in high school. I was so disappointed and angry with he thought of changing everything and leaving all that had ever known. It wasnt Just my high school that Id be leaving. I was also enrolled in the Business Administration program at a local tech center. Going there was my favorite part of the day. I loved my accounting courses and my teacher made everything interesting and fun. It was leaving this program that felt the hardest, even harder than leaving behind friends Id known since first grade. We will write a custom essay sample on Moving in High School or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Luckily there was the opportunity to go to a different tech center that offered a similar program. Trying to get my head around moving, I visited the high school and the tech center where I would be continuing my classes. I must admit that I was still very frustrated, so it was difficult to see the opportunities the new schools offered. It was so different from my previous school that it felt like a whole new universe. To make matters worse, the school had a different credit system which made me question whether or not I would be able to graduate on time. In fact, it seemed pretty hopeless. The first day of school, as expected, was strange. Students were all excited to see each other after three months. while everyone else was concerned with catching up with friends, all I really wanted was someone to talk to me. Even if It was simply to ask who I was and what I was doing there. Things continued to be awkward during the first few days. Some people stared, and to others, I was invisible, but eventually I started talking to people in my classes, who turned out to be much nicer than I expected them to be. I also started making friends with the other students at the tech center mainly because we already had so many interests. like accounting, business. and entrepreneurship, in common. As It turns out, changing schools my senior year wasnt as bad as I had always thought it would be. Even though Im no more popular than I was at my old school and, I went from being in a couple to being single (but thats another story), changing schools turned out to be a great opportunity to make new friends and to collect new and different memories. But more than that, moving to a new school right before senior year made me realize that nothing is permanent and its given me the confidence to know that I can make new friends, pursue my academic interests, and develop new hobbies, regardless of my social environment. Its funny; I hear a lot of Of2 my Trlenas talk aoout now worrlea tney are aoout leaving tnelr Trlenas to go away to college and question about whether theyll be able to do it. Me? Im not worried, because IVe already done it. And it turned out Just fine.

The Irish Rock Band U2 as a Modern Critique of Religion

Introduction U2, the Irish Rock Band, has been under the guidance of the songster called Bono since 1980s. During most nationalized prayers particularly the February 2006 Washington, DC state mealtime payers, Bono offered a crucial speech concerning religious issues.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Irish Rock Band U2 as a Modern Critique of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The affair was planned by the evangelical Christian charity and was attended by various world leaders, congress members, George Bush, and over three thousand people across the world. Before this crowd, Bono admitted that there could be something inappropriate or something deviant a propos the rock stars going to the podiums and starting to preach at the world leaders. According to Bono sermon virtues, instead of preaching to the presidents, the rock stars should give aid to the poor Africans and the sick. With reference to the univ ersal higher bylaws, Bono on behalf of U2 implored global elected officials to go past religion since it usually obstructs God’s ways. In fact, politicians are requested by Bono to hold the grace period that instigated with the Jubilee year, which is the new millennium. The speeches offered by Bono during most mealtime prayers have made fanatics as well as the popular press associates to label Bono as the Messiah of Roll and Rock. Whereas since 1980s this songster has been infusing opinionated and theological teachings in the U2 lyrics, Bono transformed songs discourses into persistent political actions (Lofton, 2006). In fact, Bono united with Pope Paul John 2 together with others in the waive debt drive. The songster invoked the Jubilee period as noted in the customs of Leviticus when most arrears were waived devoid of penalties. Songster, as a manager of DATA, spiritual and U2 pop group organizer has habitually been rising to the arena to sermonize to elected official and states heads. The procedures and promotion schemes used by the songster are akin to those utilized by the present-day American renaissance evangelists that scholars idealized. Similar to Billy and Moody, who are the United States of America evangelical complements, the songster travelled the universe to urge the developed nations to waive the arrears poor nations owe them. Bono via advocating for the Africans debt waiving fuses the revival strands and the American roll and rock in the politics of religion. The backing of the inclusive politics by the songster serves as an image of what various sociological practitioners dubbed the internationalization of dogmas.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More However, to take part in the modern world politics, Casanova claims that social artists should accept the modernity commands that accrue from the desire. This is particularly factual for t he religious conviction according to Casanova. In fact, Bono asserts that, just the religions that have included as their personal enlightenment religion critique, the central aspects affecting poor nations stand a chance of playing the optimistic responsibilities in advancing the realistic rationalization progression (Lealand, 1994). Bono and the U2 Irish Band act as religious brokers and the negation techniques used to advocate for the African debt waiving materialize to be religious. The data foundation, which is a poor state construction venture initiated by the songster in support of U2 pop group is both a wholeheartedly spiritual observer as well as an indisputably material undertaking. Advocating for poor nations basically demonstrates what Asad Talal tentatively argued concerning the secular conception claiming that the practice can hardly happen devoid of the religious notion (Lofton, 2006). Through advocating for the poor African nations, the U2 Irish band songster preache s the secularized soteriology. This emerges to be the communal fiscal and spiritual prescription for deliverance unrestrained by the religious organizations. Whilst committed to the saintly behaviors as mature and material activism which incorporates the undertakings of creed, the U2 pop group has upheld the West overall diplomatic status with eschatological prospects and gospel sparkles. This paper illustrates the Irish Rock band U2 as a critique of modern religion. The salvation messages asserted by Bono as Max Weber indebted are incorporated in the paper. For instance, by linking the personal deliverance soteriology lyrics to the opinionated direction on what poor nations ought to undertake to be salvated, the analysis of Bono and U2 band works in this paper symbolizes the three features of Max Weber soteriology hypothetical accounts. The first section claims that social agents may not receive deliverance or salvation devoid a rational global reflection offered by the prevailing humanity.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The Irish Rock Band U2 as a Modern Critique of Religion specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Part two utilizes Marxist designs on simplified conceptions or the humankind theodicy to elucidate the Almighty’s folklore. The last section asserts what Max Weber claimed that some theodicy sufferings instigate from the deliverance hope. The Irish Rock Band U2 and global politicians The songster and U2 pop group move athwart capital avenues to pastoral mountains, athwart ecological milieus, chronological architects, gaps, and era, to the Western nations from Ireland. Bono in this lyrical image depicts the true American image that is tangled up. In fact, U2 and Bono snatched a limelight intended to shine the blue-sky bullet that darkened the stage. Throughout the lyrics, Bono and U2 band lament about the capitalism evils, but through highlighting and advocating against the cap italists ideas, Bono shades light across the board. Bono blames Americans for ignoring the African AIDS disaster through hoarding wealth (Finney, 2003). The U2 band praised the Beastie Boys, the UN representatives, and Bill Clinton for the humanitarian responsibilities assumed, though Bono requested them to give out additional aid to the developing nations and fund research studies conducted on AIDS. Bono manages to blend the political convictions with religious renderings by calling on the Americans religious commitment. The devout backwoods for the songster could be developed nations and U2 pop group perceives America as a terrain of opinionated leeway and pious assurances. When compared to the bands political messages, the divine passion of Bono are somehow unstructured (Trachtenberg, 2008). Throughout Bono’s speaking engagements, concert performances, and references lyrics, Bono portrays the bands religious thoughts. During public religious politics performances, the Iris h Rock Band U2 undertakes the communal theologians’ responsibilities. Despite his liking of America, Bono and U2 band claim that American has been consuming various poor nations. In fact, America is Bono and the U2 band pulpit, but the songster tells the graduating populace that in the Ten Commandments given to Moses by God, loving thy neighbors’ residing in the universal villages is convenient. Thus, Bono calls upon developed nations to waive the debts given to the third world nations.Advertising Looking for essay on social sciences? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The Irish Rock Band U2 in ‘pop’, the most non-judgmental album, claims that not everything can be reached, grubbed, nor forced, and they cannot be religiously grabbed given they can hardly be connected to love. Bono and U2 avows that just the passion for can help in rattling the Iron cage. In the popular lyrical song, ‘Blue-sky-bullet’, the songster is correlated to the Israel’s holy bible fantasy. In fact, the unfolding in first book of the bible emphasizes that Israel clashed with the Almighty’s correspondent in the darkness (Lealand, 1994). Acting as Jacob, the Irish Rock Band U2 under the guidance of Bono emblematically tussled with the U.S. and the Almighty. Actually, Bono has a clear understanding of the Americans and the Almighty and claims that both ought to be conquered. According to Bono and the U2, the United State of America acts as the prospective envoy for the Almighty kindness, or Deity’s loveliness that should be emulate d in the America’s capacity to waive debts. Resembling the Almighty’s representative in the holy bible, the Western nations possess the supremacy to surname, classify general countries, and bestow commands. Therefore, via DATA, the Irish Rock Band U2 and Bono have frequently been recognizing such commands held by the U.S., and they call upon America to offer support for the people of God. As a matter of fact, Bono and U2 demands for grace having been jerked by the Americans during the day (Lofton, 2006). Using the Almighty as the reference point, Bono and U2 has been requesting for the new fangled pledge of equality at the financial possibilities frame. Conquering religious conviction While the Irish Rock Band U2 toured Vertigo, the songster, Bono, wore a diadem during most stage performances. The headband had numerous symbols portraying the pictures of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam. Some of the symbols included the Cross-, the David’s Star, and a Crescent wr itten within the ‘Coexist’ phrase. Also dubbed as the ‘Rock Messiah Bandana’, Bono diadem was sometimes reserved for special occasions. For instance, Bono wore the headband all through the ‘Else, or Peace and Love’ concerts while reserved it for some melodies such as ‘could there be the primary communion moment? A song sung for Miss Sarajevo, and ‘do we spare instances to go to the synagogue?’ or ‘do people have occasions spared to visit the exquisiteness emperor facing God, Mecca? In concluding, Bono and U2 ask whether there special moments meant for the shared principles and fighting for rights of fellow citizens (Lealand, 1994). When performing the ‘Blue-Sky Bullet’, Bono slipped the so called the messiah crown to cover his eyeballs and consequently knelt downward while putting his arms on the skull. Most people referred the activities as all of us belong to father Abraham’s descendants. However, after the sermon, Bono and U2 band explained the diadem importance to the fanatics by naming every sign whilst delivering in rhythm. The symbols denoted Muhammad, Jew, and Jesus all of whom are children of God and Abraham’s sons (Lofton, 2006). With the occurrence of the September 11 2001 terrorists’ attack of the world trade center, Bono blamed the incidence as a spiritual transcendence. During the Vertigo tour, U2 band under Bono control delivered various religious messages but in all cases, the messages seemed packaged, reproduced and proffered in a restructured approach. Whilst delivering the messages, the U2 band could alter the lyrical contents yet maintaining the methods utilized. Under chock-full sports ground that stymied the faint illumination, the songster utilized torches to burnish the arena. Furthermore, Bono tore the messiah crown and invited the elected officials who attended the show but remained sited in the luxurious boxes (Trachtenberg, 2008). While entertaining the guests and fans, the Irish Rock U2 members and Bono ran about the heart fashioned podium. Despite emerging, as the modus operandi of the lyrical concerts, the techniques applied by Bono and the U2 band resembled the contemporary revitalization methods initiated and idealized by the American evangelists of the 19th century. The Second Great Awakening between the fiscal 1780’s and 1830’s is denoted by the Finney revivals as claimed by Mathews. The creation of a mutual world experience by establishing several analogous local institutions enables the revivals to geologically consolidate discrete groups of persons into a national body. The utmost achievement of the awakening was the American democratization of Christianity. Through church according to Hatch Nathan, revival brought to individuals self-determination, independence, and democratic standards. Accompanied with gospel music, the flames of religious ecstasy were fanned into popular culture by the ministers during that time (Lofton, 2006). As a result, Nathan correlated the opinionated efforts of the songster to the Western nations’ revivalist spiritual vocation Bono’s application has comparable net special effects to those of American revivalist as it echoes their revival drudgery. In fact, the principles of Second Great Awakening that was distributed gets support from Bono’s talking engagements, preaching concerts, and working with DATA. Besides, Bono’s rhetorical tropes, antics in concert, conversation policies, and distribution methods are comparable to other later evangelists (Lealand, 1994). For instance while in United Kingdom Bono said, ‘Provide you’re already converted, you don’t need me preaching at you. Though I must say I take pleasure in it addressing the conference of Labour Party. The songster possesses his own techniques of conversion just like other philosophers including Finney. Bono’s conversion strateg ies would leave a fresh revival with a scorching and gentle love for enemies, relations, and friends souls. Political conversion enabled Bono to convert Helms Jesse who was for a lengthy period served with a staunch conservatism as a Senator in North Carolina. In reality, after personally meeting Bono and moving to tear in the U2 concert, Helm turned into a resilient fighter against African AIDS (Lofton, 2006). Finney tempted alteration and atonement to the listeners planning to make them surrender their lives to the Deity. Comparable to Finney, Bono established a parallel kind of dispensationalist zeal in working for the radical apprehension of biblical Jubilee. The religious signs and messages conveyed by Bono in mystical concerts are similar to those of revivalist such as Moody Dwight approaches. In their revivals, Dwight Moody and others included gospel singing. Otherwise, in the course of his nomadic tours, Dwight was often escorted by Sankey Ira who was a song frontrunner. In fact, these nomadic tours initially covered Great Britain and thereafter all over US. Sankey worked on ‘Moody and Sankey Hymn book’ that was his own songbook in this trip. This was the best ever published worshipping script according to the journalist of New York Times who was present at the concert in the fiscal 1875 (Lofton, 2006). Actually an individual can sing the verses in this song just after a single audible range. It is possible as its lyrics are affirmative in character, filled with gospel, simple, and the melodies express the purpose they are lined up for. Even though a number of U2 songs are simple and straight forward, not all of them are entirely positive. Indeed, certain volumes recorded by Harlem gospel choir that is, ‘I Still Haven’t Found What I’m Looking For’ or the ‘Pride’ a version bestowed to King Martin Luther Junior as an anthem were like gospel. During the performance alongside Bono, the whole spectators c ould as well sing and only a few individuals could dispute this. The songster materializes to be dirt free claiming that U2 pop group lyrics vocalizes deity besides claiming that honor and adoration songs are secondary but undeviating progenies of inspired religious account (Finney, 2003). On the contrary, the songster accentuates whilst dialoguing the biblical conception premise as a godly of expected manifestation asserting that U2 pop group lyrics have their unambiguous affirmations about deity. Normally, various shows portrayed the songster like a roll and rock star in one given that Bono recurrently offered binary guiding tasks involving evangelists as well as religious melody favorite. The sustained efforts to overcome religion mark the utmost remarkable similarities amid American revivalists and Bono. Otherwise, Bono operated on rhetorical and musical ways and means. In the fiscal 2006 mealtime plea, the songster uttered the band’s commotion that faith is repetitively obstructing Almighty. Learnt examples from developing in the hands of Catholic females along with Protestant dads in Ireland proffer the songster’s analysis on Bono struggle with religious conviction. U2 pop group’s Irish frameworks advanced its stance in regard to structured creed at particular theaters. Nonetheless, U2 pop group begged off to be part of the Irish scuffle amid Catholic devotees and churches full of Protestants. Thus, Bono’s evangelical mood relates to his strength of character of working separate form religious organizations (Lealand, 1994). U2 pop group was fundamentally drawn in dynamically in the Almighty’s evangelical huddles bar for Clayton. This involvement was so committal that it emerged to be a band’s issue. At a particular moment, an argument of whether to take on Christian pursuit more explicitly or to remain in rock ‘n’ roll ascended between Edge, Junior, Mullen Larry, and Bono. Obviously they chose to con tinue in the rock ‘n’ roll. In fact, such resolutions hardly ended the patent evangelical craze. Within the Messiah roll and rock lyrics, U2 pop group asserts that creed have repetitively thrilled some pious stars. Moreover, what additionally makes the songster analogous to the western sacred revivalists is the prominence on private affinity to the heavenly figures and this makes the leader the correct pious model for sanctity (Finney, 2003). U2 pop group proffered an oration on personage devotion significance over directorial reparation identical to the revivalists. U2 pop group equally disapprove quite the reverse of the ecclesiastics that gawk through the orbits in the Protestants’ approaches. The libretto offered by Sunday Billy, ‘conviction in Almighty rescues beings, not devotion in worship places’ echoed the mistrust of U2 on structured creed. For all intents and purposes Jesus I the only way according to Billy. In contrary, it is the responsi bility of everybody to seek individual faith for the soul and that Jesus is his way according to Bono. U2 band asserts that the position for deliverance is dutiful personage and hardly the cathedral institutes hence designing the soteriological remedies to emerge material. Through the office charisma but not the specific person, Eucharist is made sacred as actual manifestation (Trachtenberg, 2008). For this reason, through the apostolic series ministers possess power due to their rapport with the ecclesiastical. This makes Bono to go for an individual select over the obligation of the organization by objecting the authority of church pastors. U2 pop group skillfully prepared a say ‘Approved, we might crack bucks and lilac proviso churches exist for us’ in the band’s Achtung child lyrics in the acrobatic folder. Nonetheless, the appraisals of Finney that beings are gratis decent instruments are hearkened via U2 pop group’s rhythmical doggedness on special f ortitude, personage autonomy, or the incomparability of character authorization. Comparable to Jones Sam, Bono’s attitude as regards the Eucharist unusually look similar (Lofton, 2006). Jones supposedly inquired ‘things that ought to be carried out to receive salvation in the resurgence oration. Jones could inform people to obtain the reparation of the Almighty’s evening meal. Sam moreover answered that, this is one of the sacraments of the ecclesiastical of God. Jones moreover assumed that he spotted the manner in which individuals could expire and be mislaid, keep consuming the divine spiritual union, and groups that could repeatedly consume sacraments. Based on Jones claims, priestly atonement can hardly reject a character from being mislaid in the vulnerability of anguish inferno but moderate devotion in the charm of Almighty could shield superstars. U2 pop group might hardly distribute the analysis of Jones that freedom is simply emancipation from aberrant b attles yet not lyrics. Nonetheless, U2 pop group tries to allocate such judgment on the rebuff of reparation recovery in evangelism. The messages of Bono give an impression of secularized soteriology due to rejection of sacramental salvation and his emphasis on the moral freedom of individuals (Finney, 2003). Definitely, Bono has given a sermon on the message of personal salvation devoid of the intercession from house of worship just like Sam and Finney the American revivalists did. Bono has as well by means of employing the revival techniques to mete out this message of salvation. Internationalization and developing nations The Irish Rock Band U2 and Bono consistently requested for the well-being Africa and other poor nations. For instance, Bono in the Blue-Sky Bullet lyrics touched on the dark America sides although not every homily lingered on such points. However, other songs sung by this band praise America for being positive and responsible. For instance, Bono uncovered variou s wrongdoings although the U2 band rapidly recovered the evildoers with God’s grace. In the Irish Rock Band U2 album named ‘Everything that can hardly be left behind’, Bono was somehow very frank and positive. Lyrics specifically the ‘fine-looking moments’, ‘refinement’ and ‘serenity on globe’ were drawn on by U2 pop group and Bono to reveal the leeway and soul compromises. Whereas Bono used the ‘peace on earth’ lyrics often as his utopian plea and prayer, the songster’s moral mantra was the ‘grace’ song. Conclusion The Irish Rock band U2 is amongst the major critiques of modern religion. The salvation messages asserted by Bono are some of the tactics used by the U2 band to make most leaders not just to pursue their dreams, but to ensure that such leaders take part in helping the poor nations who are their neighbors. Bono justifies the need to help neighbors by quoting some phrases from the b iblical teachings. Bono and U2 band linked personal deliverance soteriology lyrics to the opinionated direction on what poor nations ought to undertake to be salvated. Bono and U2 band claim that social agents may not receive deliverance or salvation devoid a rational global reflection offered by the prevailing humanity. Moreover, the U2 pop group uses Max’s imageries on restructured conceptions or the intact humanity theodicy to enlighten the liberators’ folklore. In conclusion, the U 2 pop group asserts what Max alleges that various theodicy miseries initiates from the relief anticipation. References Finney, C. (2003). A revival is not a miracle: In a documentary history of religion in America to 1877. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Eerdmans Publishing Co. Lealand, G. (1994). American popular culture and emerging nationalism in New Zealand. National Forum: The Phi Kappa Phi Journal, 74(4), 34-7. Lofton, K. (2006). Practicing Oprah or the prescriptive compulsion of a spiritu al capitalism. The Journal of Popular Culture, 39(4), 599–622. Lofton, K. (2006). The preacher paradigm: Promotional biographies and the modern-made evangelist. Religion and American Culture, 16 (1), 95-123. Trachtenberg, M. (2008). Bono: Rock star activist. Berkeley Heights, New Jersey: Enslow Publishers, Inc. This essay on The Irish Rock Band U2 as a Modern Critique of Religion was written and submitted by user Juan S. to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.

Mozart Effect and Music Therapy essays

Mozart Effect and Music Therapy essays Although it is only in recent times that scientists have started to document the effects of music, the qualities of music were understood even in earliest times. Evidence suggests that dance and song preceded speech, which means that music is the original language of humans. Researcher's have found that about two-thirds of the inner ear's cilia resonate only at the higher frequencies that are commonly found in music (3,000 - 20,000 Hz). This seems to indicate that primitive humans communicated primarily through song or tone. The ancient Greek philosopher Pythagoras, best known for his work in mathematics, thought the whole universe was comprised of sounds and numbers. There has long been an awareness that music affects us, even if the reasons are not clear. Around 900 B.C., David played the harp "to cure Saul's derangement" (Gonzalez-Crussi). One os the world's oldest medical documents, the Ebers Papyrus (circa 1500 B.C.), prescribed incantations that Egyptian physicians chanted to heal the sick. This is perhaps the first recorded use of music for therapy. The positive influence of music may have also saved Beethoven's life in the early eighteenth century. In a letter he wrote, "I would have ended my life-it was only my art that held me back" (Kamien). Every human civilization has developed some sort of musical idiom and has used it as a form of tranquilizer, as a lullaby. Great civilizations have developed without the wheel, without a written language, without money, but the use of soothing sounds seems to be a very basic component of human physiology. There are distinct differences between compositions of different societies, but in spite of this, they can convey the same moods, the same feelings, in all people. As Louis Pasteur's Germ Theory of Illness launched the era of scientific medicine, music largely faded from formal medical settings. Fortunately, it never completely disappeared. American medicine first started ex...

How to Solve an undefined local variable Ruby Error

How to Solve an undefined local variable Ruby Error In  Ruby, you dont have to declare variables, but you do have to assign something to them before they can be referred to. If youre referring to a local variable that doesnt yet exist, you may see one of two errors. Ruby NameError Messages NameError: undefined local variable or method a for # NameError: undefined local variable or method a for main:Object Note:  There might be various identifiers in place of  a  above. This is an example where the code will generate the Ruby NameError message since the variable  a  hasnt yet been assigned to anything: puts a How to Fix the Error Variables must be assigned before they can be used. So, using the example from above, fixing the error is as simple as doing this: a 10 puts a Why Youre Getting This Error The obvious answer is that youre referring to a variable that hasnt yet been created. This is most often due to a typo but may happen when refactoring code and renaming variables. You might also see the  NameError: undefined local variable Ruby error if you intended to enter a string. Strings are understood when they exist between quotes. If you didnt use quotes, Ruby will think you meant to reference a method or variable (that doesnt exist) and throw the error. So, look back over your code to see what this variable is supposed to be referring to, and fix it. You may also want to search for other instances of the same variable name in the same method - if its wrong in one place, it may be wrong in others.

Family study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Family study - Assignment Example its, with the Indians and Mexican Americans (Hispanics) being categorized as closely-knight families emanates from their traditional socio-political and economic conditions. The Africans had to live together as large family units, to be able to fend for themselves, since the status of slaves did not offer opportunities for venturing into prime economic generation ventures (Newman, 2007). The Mexican and the Indian Americans had to form tightly-knight together families, due to the need to establish identity either as acquired/immigrant group or as the invaded group, respectively. This traditional social construct of minority families define the structure of these families to present day. Focusing on race and ethnicity in defining the structure of minority families is woefully misleading, since there is no set of shared physical characteristics that tie people together (Newman, 2007). The attempt to understand families should be based on the similarities that exist across ethno-racial and religious groups, since focusing on differences results in emphasizing the boundaries distinguishing the members from non-members (Newman, 2007). Additionally, focusing on the differences results in the analysis of belonging to a certain group is something to be proud or ashamed of, instead of focusing on the cultural uniqueness of the different groups (Newman, 2007). This results in a negative social construction. Assimilation should therefore be the aspired mode of defining the future American society. Nevertheless, ever reaching a point of where racial and ethnic categorizations are irrelevant does not seem a possibility. Growing in an interracial or interfaith family has the advantage of helping to break the racial stereotypes held by different races against one another. However, the major disadvantage associated with growing up in an interracial or interfaith family is the difficulty of building a self-identity (Newman, 2007). This is owing to the fact that self-identities

Strategic Management (H) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Strategic Management (H) - Essay Example A market analysis of various players in the industry has also been carried out. The global automobile industry is one of the leading industries in the world today. This industry has its roots in Europe and the USA where it started in the late second half of the 19th century. It started expanding to the rest of the world in the early 20th century. The global automobile car manufacturing industry deals with the assembly of passenger cars, Sports Utility Vehicles, vans and some light duty motor vehicles (Sturgeon, Biesebroeck and Gereffi, 2008). The world-wide car manufacturing industry is run mostly by large multi-national corporations that also engage in the production of other types of automobiles and automotive parts. The industry market has an oligopolistic structure, which is controlled by the big market players in the industry. The best investment in this industry can be done in an untapped market since getting into established markets is quit hard (PWC, 2009). At present, the critical success factors include: quality, image, cost control, meeting energy standards. A lot of attention is being paid to the quality of the different brands of cars being manufactured for specific markets. Competition arising from a high level of mergers in the industry is pushing manufacturers to enhance their image through production of quality cars. Cost control is also a major critical success factor as manufacturers look for ways to counter financial constraints caused by the global economic crisis. Many of these companies have developed cost-effective production of high quality cars. The high cost of fuel and other environmental factors have also led to manufacturers producing cars that meet the highest standards as pertaining to energy consumption (Ralf, 2001). The future critical success factors are likely to be pegged on the manufacturers’ image through brand management. Aspects of image such as design, service strategies, brand experience as well

Aristotle Response Paper Essay Example for Free

Aristotle Response Paper Essay Aristotle presents the element of tragedy as more then the textbook definition; an event resulting in great loss and misfortune, but describes how it is an art that can enhance all types of poetry. He defines tragedy as being an imitation of an action that is a whole and complete in itself and of a certain extent. Aristotle shows how tragedy is actually more important than the history itself because it brings out people’s emotions, instead of simply presenting the facts. It is clearly stated throughout the essay that plot is key to good poetry and outweighs every other element. Step by step, Aristotle explains the importance of 6 main necessary elements of plot, character, verbal expression, thought, visual, and song composition. Aristotle states that poetry must target the emotions of pity or fear, which is created in the audience, as they see the tragedy of a character that suffers unfairly, but is not completely innocent. Then he moves on to describing the main elements of tragedy, which include, plot, character, language, thought, visual, and melody. Then he classifies these in three parts, the media, the manner and the objects. The verbal communication and song composition, constitute the media, in which they effect the replication. Then there is the display, which is the manner, and the remaining three, the plot, character and thought are the objects that are imitated. Aristotle considers the plot to be the most important of these elements. He describes the plot as not being a unity revolving around one man. Instead, he states that many things happen to one man, which may not always go together, to form a unity. At the same time, he says that among the actions that a character performs there are many that may be irrelevant to one another, but yet they form a unified action. Aristotle continues depicting the plot categorizing it in two manners: simple and complex. In a simple plot, a change of fortune takes place without a reversal or recognition. In contrast, in a complex plot, the change of fortune involves recognition or a reversal or both. He then defines reversal and recognition. Reversal or peripety is a change from one circumstance to its exact opposite. Recognition is a change from ignorance to knowledge leading either to friendship or hostility depending on whether the character is marked with good or bad fortune. There is a phrase used by Aristotle in Poetics, â€Å"from the machine,† which is basically any unlikely way of solving difficulty of the plot. Lastly, Aristotle explains the importance of the chorus in a tragedy. According to him, it should be regarded as one of the actors. Therefore, the chorus should be integrated into performance and be considered as part of the whole. Aristotle is correct in his importance of plot, but the characters are of equal importance. If the audience can connect with the characters on a personal level, then they are much more attached and emotionally involved with the story. Also the more information that is given about the characters, the more the audience gets an understanding as to why the story is playing out like it is.

Abolitionists: Their Ideology, and Their Relation with Lincoln and Poli

During the 19th century the religious revival led to a corresponding social reform that would transform the American Society. Reformers led various campaigns including a campaign to close all public places such as shops and taverns on Sundays. The religious revival also led to the Abolition movement, which aimed to eliminate slavery in America. During the time up until the Civil war abolitionists would try to influence both society and politics using ways some of which were similar to those of political parties. The relationship between abolitionists, their ideals and politics was key in reforming national policy related to slavery. Though President Lincoln was opposed to slavery he was not an abolitionist. However despite this Lincoln was strongly influenced by their ideas and they often made their way into his own writings. By agitating against slavery both in and out of politics they were able to change the opinion of a public that had previously rejected them. During the1830s abolitionism was anything but main stream, most abolitionists were either black or they were pious whites . Some of the first abolitionists (in both the United States and the Britian) were Quakers. They believed that God loved every human â€Å"regardless of colour, sex or station in life.† Due to this belief Quakers seemed likely to conclude that â€Å"Slavery,† as denounced by Benjamin Lay, â€Å"was the greatest sin against God’s will,† and that it should be abolished. Before the American Revolution, Quaker reformers such as John Woolman, Anthony Benezet and Benjamin Lay began to publish their views and bring up the issue of slavery at Quaker meetings. Even in the Southern states, where many Quakers owned slaves their actions led to an increased number of fr... ... being as inclusive as the abolitionist societies. Abolitionists had used all means they could access to send their antislavery message across the nation. They used traditional methods such as lectures and petitions, as well as the new technology of the steam press to print large numbers of pamphlets and newspapers, to inform the American public (Foner, 20). Works Cited Scott, Donald. â€Å"Evangelicalism as a Social Movement.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center, 1. Wyatt-Brown, Bertram. â€Å"American Abolitionism and Religion.† Divining America, TeacherServe ®. National Humanities Center. Foner, Eric. The Fiery Trial, Abraham Lincoln and American Slavery. New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc, 2011. Walters, Ronald G.. The Antislavery Appeal, American Abolitionism after 1830.Baltimore: John Hopkins University Press. 1976.

Microscopes and Microscopy

Microscopes and Microscopy Introduction The purpose for including a lab on microscopy in his course is because it is a very important tool in making detailed observations. This lab helps the average person realize that there is much more to things than what you see with the naked eye. In the field of human biology microscopes are very important for many reasons. In the late 1500’s a scientist named Zacharias Janssen created the first microscope of it kind and now we have several microscopes that are very important to the study of human biology. The compound microscope is used to view individual cells as well as living cells such as hair. Electron microscopes can be used to view things such as biological tissues and organisms. Also, another popular microscope used in human biology is the stereo microscope, which is commonly used to dissect and examine human tissue. Discussion When studying the â€Å"optics† slide in the interactive section of this lab it displayed image orientation. To display this it took the letter â€Å"e† and showed you the standard view to the naked eye and then it showed you the view through a light microscope and it looked very different. The â€Å"e† was upside down and backwards left while looking down in the microscope. The reason it looked like this was because of the shape and lenses in the microscope. While studying the color threads on the interactive microscope you notice that the colors are red, green, and yellow from top to bottom. The magnification that was useful in helping me determine the order was 400x. This magnification allowed me to see that the yellow color thread was on the bottom and that the green color thread was in the middle. The optical principles that are in play here are perfect lens characteristic and transmitted light microscopy optical pathways. Interpupillary distance is the distance between the centers of the pupils of the two eyes. The way to determine what the interpupillary distance is with a device called a pupil meter. This device presents a binocular subject that can be set from a close viewing distance out to optical infinity. The diopter setting is a control knob on a microscope that helps your eyes view something similar in proper relation instead of allowing each individual eye to view the subject differently. It is necessary to locate an object using the low objective because it allows you to gain a better focus before switching to the high power objective and makes it so you don’t have to make much of an adjustment on the high power objective. Just trying to focus using the high power objective could get very time consuming. Reducing the iris diaphragm aperture on a microscope will clarify an image focused under high power, but it would be letting less light in the field of view. The reason it would clarify the image is because under high power it doesn’t take much light to bring whatever you are viewing into focus due to the strength of the lens. If my lab partner was having problems locating onion cells using a parfocal microscope with the low power objective and just switched to the high power objective I would tell her that this is an incorrect way to bring the onion cells into focus. I would advise her that she would need to continue to bring the onion cell into focus with the low power objective because once you have it in focus with the low power objective you can switch to the high power objective with out making any changes to the focus. I am striving to become a nurse and I believe that in that career field it is extremely important for me to be especially knowledgeable regarding microscopy. While working as a nurse it is going to be extremely important for me to know what microscopes are going to be best to use in certain circumstances. For my career field it is going to be very important to understand how to use a microscope and that goes for knowing how to bring cells into more focus as well as knowing that I need to bring what I am viewing into focus under the low power objective.

Preparation of Alum from Aluminum Metal Essay

The objective of the laboratory is to synthesize alum (KAl(SO4)2.xH2O) from aluminum powder and to determine the proportion of water in the alum crystals. Alum is a product from the reaction between potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The reaction include several steps, as followed: Aluminum powder reacts with potassium hydroxide to generate Al(OH)4- ions and release hydrogen. 2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq) + 6 H2O 2 K[Al(OH)4](aq) + 3 H2 (g) A gelatinous precipitate of aluminum hydroxide was created when sulfuric acid was added to the aqueous solution of Al(OH)4- ions. 2 K[Al(OH)4](aq) + H2SO4 (aq) 2 Al(OH)3 (s) + K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O Later, excessive addition of the acid causes the precipitate to dissolve in the solution. 2Al(OH)3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6 H2O Precipitation of alum was resulted from cooling in ice water bath. K2SO4 + Al2(SO4)3 + 2x H2O 2 KAl(SO4)2.xH2O It is noticeable that alum is a hydrate (a hydrate consists of water molecules in its ionic structure), which leads to its solubility in water. However, a minimum amount of cold water will cause the alum to crystallize. The amount of water incorporated in the alum structure should be clearly defined to derive the full formula of alum, which makes it possible for calculations of theoretical, actual and percent yield of alum. Experimental Methods The experiment was constructed based on the guidelines from Franklin and Marshall Lab Manual1. In a 400 mL-beaker, 0.5 g of aluminum and 2.01g of potassium hydroxide was prepared and mixed together. An amount of 25 mL of distilled water was poured into the beaker in the hood. The mixture was then continuously stirred to help disperse the heat generated from the exothermic reaction. As observed, hydrogen was liberated from the solution, along with aluminum powder gradually darkening and disintegrating into insoluble flakes. It took the solutions 15 minutes to complete when there were no signs of hydrogen released. The solution was then filtered into a new 250 mL beaker. The residue left on the filter paper was carefully washed into the filtrate. A portion of 10 mL of 9M sulfuric acid was added slowly and attentively to the filtrate, with gentle stirring. The presence of acid will neutralize the solution, generating a gelatinous precipitate known as Al(OH)3. The precipitate was later dissolved when excessive addition of acid was poured into the solution, combined with gentle heating on hot plate. The acidity of the solution was confirmed when tested with litmus paper: the paper turned into red. The solution was filtered for the second time to eliminate any undissolved residues remaining. The solution was set aside to cool at room temperature. The crystallization process was conducted by placing the solution beaker into an ice water bath for 20 minutes. After crystallization, white, soft crystals were formed. The mixture was filtered through a Buchner funnel. A wash solution was prepared by combining 5 mL of ethyl alcohol and 5 mL of distilled water. The crystals were washed twice with proper wash solution. Then, the solution was put through suction again to dry out completely. The crystals were spread in a recrystallization disk. Large crystals were broken into small ones with a stapula. The crytals were allowed to air dry in one week. The weight of the air-dried crystals was then recorded.   Two porcelain crucibles were supported on ceramic triangles and heated to red heat with a Bunsen burner for 10 minutes each. The crucibles were set aside cool, then was placed into the desiccator to cool to room temperature. Their weighs were recorded. An amount of 0.5 g of the crystallized alum was placed into each of the crucibles. The crucibles (with alum inside) were carefully heated on ceramic triangles to red heat. The alum inside the crucibles appeared to melt, transforming into a kind of liquid solution. After 5 to 10 minutes of continuous and gentle heating, the content inside the crucibles started to solidify again, yielding white, soft crystals. The crystals were heated at maximum heat for 5 minutes. The crucibles were placed back to the desiccator. After cooling to room temperature, the masses of the contents inside the crucibles were carefully weighed. Results The masses of alum, KAl(SO4)2 and water recorded were given in Table I. Table I. Masses of Alum, KAl(SO4)2 and water in two different crucibles. | Crucible 1| Crucible 2| Alum| 0.5000 g| 0.5000 g| KAl(SO4)2| 0.2721 g| 0.2696 g| H2O| 0.2279 g| 0.2304 g| x= nwaterndry product| 12.00| 12.24| According to the values of x obtained from the table above, the average result of x is 12.12. We can define the formula of alum as KAl(SO4)2.12,12H2O (Molar Mass M = 476.16 gmol-1). Finding the formula of alum makes it possible to calculate the theoretical yield and the percent yield of alum. After calculations from the equations demonstrated in the introduction, the theoretical number of moles of alum would be 0.019 moles. The theoretical yield, as a result, would be mtheoretical = 9.69 g. The actual yield recorded after the laboratory was 4.77 g. Combining all the yields gives us the final result of the percent yield: 52,71%. Discussion Several steps of heating the alum crystals and calculations took place to find out the formula of alum. Concerning the first crucible, an amount of 0.5 g of alum was added to the crucible. After heating, there was 0.2521 g of contents (KAl(SO4)2) left in the crucible. That means there was 0.2479 g of H2O fully evaporating. In this case, x= nH2Ondry product= 0.2279180.2721258= 12.00. Concerning the second crucible, an amount of 0.5 g of alum was added to the crucible. After heating, there was 0.2496 g of contents (KAl(SO4)2) left in the crucible. That means there was 0.2504 g of H2O fully evaporating. In this case, x= nH2Ondry product= 0.2304180.2696258= 12.24. The average result of x: x= 12.00+ 12.242= 12.12. With calculations concerning the masses of contents in the crucibles before and after heating, it is observed that 12.12 molecules of water in a mole of alum. The general formula of alum, therefore, is KAl(SO4)2.12.12H2O. The literature value of portions of water molecules in alum is 12, which makes the formula of alum KAl(SO4)2.12H2O. The proximity of the calculated result and the literature result reflected to efficiency and accuracy of the laboratory. Through a series of chemical reactions, alum (the double salt with incorporated water molecules, with the calculated formula of KAl(SO4)2.12H2O) was formed from aluminum powder, potassium hydroxide and sulfuric acid. The reactions lead to the formation of alum are summarised as followed: (I) 2 Al(s) + 2 KOH(aq) + 6 H2O 2 K[Al(OH)4](aq) + 3 H2 (g) (II) 2 K[Al(OH)4](aq) + H2SO4 (aq) 2 Al(OH)3 (s) + K2SO4 (aq) + 2 H2O (III)2Al(OH)3 (s) + H2SO4 (aq) Al2(SO4)3 (aq) + 6 H2O (IV)K2SO4 + Al2(SO4)3 + 24 H2O 2 KAl(SO4)2.12H2O The theoretical yield was accumulated over a few steps: There are 0.019 moles in 0.5 g of Aluminum. Similarly, there are 0.036 moles in 2.01 g of potassium hydroxide. We used a portion of 10 mL of 9M sulfuric acid, meaning that we use 0.09 moles of sulfuric acid. In reaction (I) that potassium reacted with aluminum powder with the presence of water, the aluminum played the role of the limiting reagent. In reaction (II) that sulfuric acid was added into the solution of Al(OH)4- ions, the ions were the limiting reagents. The gelatinous precipitate formed in reaction (II) by pouring in acid was soon dissolved in the solution in the reaction (III) by the addition of excessive sulfuric acid. The alum crystals were formed in the reaction (IV) by cooling. From the four reactions, we can easily see that the number of moles of alum formed is equal to the number of moles of aluminum in the aluminum powder. nalum = naluminum = 0.019 moles. The theoretical yield is the product of the number of moles and alum’s molar mass: malum= n Ãâ€" M= 0.019 Ãâ€" 476.16= 9.05 (g). The actual yield is 4.77 g (as stated in the results). The percent yield is calculated by dividing the actual yield by the theoretical yield: %Yield= Actual YieldTheoretical Yield = 4.77 g9.05 g = 52.71%. About 47% of alum was lost during the crystallization. From 0.5 g of aluminum, 2.01 g of potassium hydroxide and 10 mL of 9M sulfuric acid at the beginning, the product obtained after crystallization was only 4.77 g of alum, compared to the theoretical value of 9.05 g. A significant amount of alum was lost during filtration, suction and crystallization, because of the fact that the filter paper was not wet enough and the crucibles were not dry enough due to short maximum heating time. References 1. Franklin and Marshall College Chemistry 111/112 Laboratory Manual, Fall 2012/Spring 2013, p. 39-41.

Definition and Examples of Semantic Entailment

Definition and Examples of Semantic Entailment In semantics  and pragmatics, entailment is the principle that under certain conditions the truth of one statement ensures the truth of a second statement. Also called strict implication,  logical consequence, and semantic consequence. The two types of entailment that are the most frequent in language, says  Daniel Vanderveken, are truth conditional and illocutionary entailments. For example, he says, the performative sentence I beg you to help me illocutionary entails the imperative sentence Please, help me! and truth conditionally entails the declarative sentence You can help me (Meaning and Speech Acts: Principles of Language Use, 1990). Commentary [O]ne statement entails another when the second is a logically necessary consequence of the first, as Alan lives in Toronto entails Alan lives in Canada. Note that the relationship of entailment, unlike that of paraphrase, is one-way: it is not the case that Alan lives in Canada entails Alan lives in Toronto. (Laurel J. Brinton, The Structure of Modern English: A Linguistic Introduction. John Benjamins, 2000) [M]any, if not all, assertive sentences (statements, propositions) of a language allow for inferences solely on the basis of their meanings. For example, when I say Ben has been murdered, then anyone who has understood this utterance and accepts its truth will also accept the truth of the statement Ben is dead. (Pieter A. M. Seuren, Western Linguistics: An Historical Introduction. Wiley-Blackwell, 1998) Entailment Relations An entailment can be thought of as a relationship between one sentence or set of sentences, the entailing expressions, and another sentence, what is entailed... We can find countless examples where entailment relations hold between sentences and countless where they do not. The English sentence (14) is normally interpreted so that it entails the sentences in (15) but does not entail those in (16). (14) Lee kissed Kim passionately. (15)a. Lee kissed Kim.b. Kim was kissed by Lee.c. Kim was kissed.d. Lee touched Kim with her lips. (16)a. Lee married Kim.b. Kim kissed Lee.c. Lee kissed Kim many times.d. Lee did not kiss Kim. (Gennaro Chierchia and Sally McConnell-Ginet, Meaning and Grammar: An Introduction to Semantics. MIT Press, 2000) The Challenge of Determining Meaning Semantic entailment is  the task of determining, for example, that the sentence: Wal-Mart defended itself in court today against claims that its female employees were kept out of jobs in management because they are women entails that Wal-Mart was sued for sexual discrimination. Determining whether the meaning of a given text snippet entails that of another or whether they have the same meaning is a fundamental problem in natural language understanding that requires the ability to extract over the inherent syntactic and semantic variability in natural language. This challenge is at the heart of many high-level natural language processing tasks including Question Answering, Information Retrieval and Extraction, Machine Translation, and others that attempt to reason about and capture the meaning of linguistic expressions.Research in natural language processing in the last few years has concentrated on developing resources that provide multiple levels of syntactic and semantic analysis, resolve context sensitive ambiguities, and identify relational structures and abstractions.... (Rodrigo de Salvo Braz et al., An Inference Model for Semantic Entailment in Natural Languages.  Machine Learning Challenges: Evaluating Predictive Uncertainty, Visual Object Classif ication and Recognizing Textual Entailment, ed. by  Joaquin Quià ±onero  Candela et al. Springer, 2006)

Negative Structures in English

Negative Structures in English There are a number of negatives structures in English ranging from basic negative sentences to the more complicated neither ... nor and not ... either. Learn the most common negative structures by following the rules below. Negative Verb Conjugation The most common negative structure in English is the conjugation of the verb in the negative. Verbs can be used in the negative by placing not directly after the auxiliary verb in each conjugation. The combination of the auxiliary verb not is often contracted in English. For example: do not dont, will not wont, has not hasnt, etc. S auxiliary verb not main verb objects She wont come to the party tomorrow.Tom hasnt finished the report.We arent studying Russian this semester. Negative Imperative The imperative form is used to instruct / command others. Use do not plus the verb for all comparative forms. No subject is required for the use of the imperative form. Do not verb objects Do not begin without me.Dont waste any time.Do not touch the glass. Never Never is used to express the idea that something is never done. Note that never is used with positive form of the verb but results in a negative meaning. Its also important to remember that the present simple and past simple do not take an auxiliary verb in the positive form. In other words, use the auxiliary verb for the present perfect, future, etc., but not with the present or past simple. S (auxiliary verb) never verb objects She never takes time off work.Mary has never returned my calls.Peter never walked to school when he was young. Double Negatives in English Double negatives - the use of two no words such as not and nowhere in one sentence - are incorrect in English. When modifying something use either a no word, or any as explained in the following sections. He doesnt like anything. OR He likes nothing.Angela hasnt visited anyone this month. OR Angela has visited no one this month.She isnt going to travel anywhere. OR Shes going to travel nowhere. Use of Any Any and words such as anyone, anybody, anything, etc. are used in negative sentences and questions. S auxiliary verb not main verb any objects He doesnt have any time.Mary isnt going to eat any dinner.Peter hasnt done anything for the past three days. No Words There are a number of no words such as nowhere, nothing, no one, which can be used in place of any words. Note the difference in structure between the two. Any words take the negative verb structure, no words take positive structures. S (auxiliary verb) main verb no word objects I have nothing to say.No more / not ...  any moreThe boys invited no one to their party.Timothy has gone nowhere this summer. Negative Any OR No Word The following sections refer to specific similar structures using either the negative verb form with any or a no word. In each of these cases examples are given for both forms. The forms used have been explained above. I have no more time today. OR I dont have any more time today.She has thought of no more ideas. OR She hasnt thought of any more ideas. Nobody / not ... anybody Note: This has the same meaning as no one / not ... anyone. Susan saw nobody at work today. OR Susan didnt see anyone at work today.Tom bought nobody a present. OR Tom didnt buy anyone a present. No one / not ... anyone Note: This has the same meaning as no body / not ... anybody. Im meeting no one today. OR Im not meeting anyone today.Alice has bought no one presents yet. OR Alice hasnt bought anyone presents yet. Nothing / not ... anything Ive eaten nothing all day. OR I havent eaten anything all done.Doug talks about nothing with his friends. OR Doug doesnt talk about anything with his friends. Nowhere / not ... anywhere Shelly has gone nowhere this year. OR Shelly hasnt gone anywhere this year.Alex has travelled nowhere outside of the USA. OR Alex hasnt travelled anywhere outside of the USA. Neither ... Nor Use the phrase neither ... nor when expressing two negatives together. Note that the verb is inverted after the use of nor. I have neither the time nor have I had the desire to do my work.She has neither the time nor the money to help her friends.Alex has neither the means nor does he have the ability to find a new job.

Apartheid System and its impact on Education in South Africa Essay

Apartheid System and its impact on Education in South Africa - Essay Example The population of the country is talented and hard working. In spite of these factors, the country faces hard core racism. The oppression of the white population over the blacks resulted in forced slavery and exploitation of land and human beings (Abdi, 2002, p. vii). The apartheid period continued for over four decades in South Africa and in that period race discrimination was ruthlessly implemented in schools and they were highly effective. It is a monumental task for the government to undo the effects of apartheid from the education system (Fiske and Ladd, 2005, p.14). This paper focuses on the apartheid system in South Africa and its impact on the education policies. Background History of Apartheid in South Africa In the seventeenth century the Dutch descendants who were knows as Boers or Afrikaners were dominated by the English. This was followed by establishment by the Dutch of new colonies like Orange Free State and Transvaal. In the year1900, diamonds were excavated in these regions. This led to the Boer war when the English invaded these lands. The conflict centering on power sharing between the English and the Boers remained till the 1940s when the Afrikaners National Party became stronger. To control the economic and social system, the National party invented the apartheid system. Initially the goal of apartheid was to maintain the minority rule of the white and curtailing the rights of the black population. Racial discrimination was given a formal shape when the apartheid laws were enacted in 1948. In 1950, the South African people were classified into three racial groups which were white, black (African) or colored (mixed decent). The colored group mainly contained the Indians and the Asians. Apartheid laws led to segregation of every aspect of social life which included education and medical care. Public services provided to the black people were inferior to those provided to the white people. Marriage was prohibited between the whites and the non -white groups. Residential areas were segregated by forceful removal of the black population. These laws were strongly implemented and anyone who did not abide by the laws was given harsh punishments. The Blacks were required to carry identity proof to enter into the non-black areas (The History of Apartheid in South Africa, n.d.). In 1953, Bantu Education Act was passed to segregate the education system of South Africa by which the Blacks were denied education leading to certain positions in the society. The Blacks were prepared to lead the lives of labour class (O’Malley, n.d.). Analysis Impact of Apartheid system on Education One of the most oppressive laws of apartheid was the Bantu Education Act of 1953. Before the Act was implemented most schools in Africa were missionary schools and were partly funded by the State. Under this Act education system was segregated and most schools began to be controlled by the government. Governments began to put forward conditions to sch ools to start racially discriminatory curriculum before agreeing to provide financial aid. As protest many missionary schools did not allow extension of apartheid system in their education system and chose to close down. This system of bringing all schools under the control of the new government was faced opposition from school organisers, parents and students. The major subject of the protests was to ban the separate education system for the Black and promote a common education system for the entire population of South Africa. The government which was controlled by the whites declared that the structure of Bantu education was such that the blacks will be trained to become labours ignoring what other abilities